Many would think IBD is like managing diarrhea or flatulence, in most cases, it is not taken seriously and there is a poor understanding of the effects it has on people’s everyday life. IBD is something that affects the patients personally. Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is an immune-mediated chronic intestinal condition. It results from inappropriate […]

Zollinger Ellison syndrome is named after two physicians Robert M Zollinger and Edwin Ellison. It is a gastrinoma, a tumor that is occurring in the pancreas.This tumor secretes gastrin. As we know gastrin triggers gastric acid production.The excess gastrin from the tumor stimulates the secretion of excess gastric acid in the stomach.The resulting excess acid causes peptic […]

Do you have a pet at home? If yes, then you are also at risk to develop hydatid cyst because dogs form the definitive host of the parasite echinococcus granulosus, the parasite responsible for causing hydatid disease Hike of the parasite It starts in the dog or other Canidae which contains the adult tapeworm, as […]

In everyday life it’s common to see a burn patient.Don’t get confused by the common word.Just take a look at our mother’s hands who cooks for us daily there would be a lot of small burned marks on her hands.See, she had tiny burns still, a burn injury we were not aware of. What our […]

Schizophrenia is arguably the worst disease affecting mankind, even AIDS not expected, Nature 1988. Many physicians have tried to describe ‘schizophrenia’ under various names and groups of diseases. Still, for ages, it remained a puzzle for physicians, philosophers, and the general public. In the late 19th century, Emil Kraepelin called this disease dementia praecox, a […]

A cyst is a pathological cavity, may or may not be lined by epithelium and containing fluid, semisolid or gaseous material.Dentigerous is a Latin word, which means tooth producing or tooth-bearing. Dentigerous cyst is an odontogenic cyst, so it is also known as Follicular Odontome. These unilocular cystic swellings arise from the dental epithelium of an unerupted […]

The invention of blood transfusion is very beneficial for mankind, in many aspects, especially, in life-saving emergency procedures. Today, In the Modern world there are so many organizations that promote blood donation. Donating blood is a very appreciable thing because your blood can be a hope of a cure for many.  Have you ever noticed […]

Myocardial infarction commonly known as a heart attack is one of the most common causes of death throughout the world. Myocardial infarction means the death of heart tissue due to a lack of blood supply. The heart receives blood supply from coronary circulation. The blockage of this results in the death of heart muscles as […]

Useless organ putting one’s life in peril is an appendix. Yes, an appendix is the vestigial organ in our body. But, its inflammation can make people thrive for their lives. Inflammatory process strikes the appendix resulting in acute appendicitis. Why is it occurring??? An appendix has its opening in the caecum. If it is blocked, […]

Smoking is injurious to health – Hope everyone is familiar with this. After knowing this also, people don’t stop smoking.Smoking has the capacity of changing a man’s happy life to a sad life by causing many changes in the body.Smoker’s disease is the name given to an interesting food name disease.Yes, it is Buerger disease ( […]

If a person is unfriendly or unemotional then we often call them a cold personality. Like manner here, an abscess or the Pus collection behaves oddly compared to other pus collections. We call them a cold abscess. When we tell a pus collection the picture you imagine will be something similar to big acne, very […]

A birthmark is considered an identifying factor, commonly in the form of a brownish or blackish mole of varying size. Other than these you might have also noticed some scar or patchy red lesions in infants, it is also considered a birthmark. In the olden days, usually in rural areas people used to say it’s […]

The word Fistula means flute or a pipe tube. We use the term fistula for the abnormal communication of one viscus to another. Here in the thyroglossal fistula also there is an abnormal communication between the thyroglossal duct to the body surface. It’s purely an acquired condition. And the interesting factor is this acquired condition […]

As we all know, nutrition is the most important thing in our lives. If the people cannot eat, they will lack proper nutrition resulting in many diseases and finally death. What can we do for these people ???  We cannot leave the patient as such. Finding some alternative ways for nutrition support is important. Yes, […]

Wilms tumor is also known as nephroblastoma. The tumor gets its name from Dr. Max Wilms who first described the tumor in 1899.This is a malignant tumor of the kidney occurring in children and the tumor contains embryogenic nephrogenic tissue and this is attributed to be the most common pediatric renal tumor.  Why Wilms tumor? […]

Have you ever noticed the rusting of iron? The shiny iron rod will fade its color first, later on, the rust will extend to other shiny portions of iron and after that the rusty iron portion will fall off, making the strong iron rod a weaker one. Now, what will happen if the same story […]

Insulinoma can be easily understood by splitting the word insulin+oma “oma” means tumor so insulinoma means it is a tumor with an excess of insulin. Insulin is produced by the beta cells of the pancreas so insulinoma is a tumor arising from the beta cells (endocrine pancreas). We are quite familiar that the pancreas consists […]

Want to know about this condition, split up  Cystic meaning a fluid-filled sac and Hygroma means a malformation of the lymphatic system with a collection of pale clear fluid Now, Put it together it’s a fluid-filled sac due to lymphatic malformation. What malformations are possible? These embryonic remnants with their growth potential keep growing and penetrate the adjacent […]

Vomiting is a forceful ejection of gastric contents. We all would have experienced this at least once in our lifetime. Most of the time the vomitus only contains food particles, bile, etc., But in some cases, it may contain blood. This condition where the person vomits out blood is called hematemesis. It is caused by […]

A flail chest is a life-threatening condition where three or more ribs are involved in segmental fractures and are separated from the thoracic cage.  Or to be more simple, it is a segment of the rib cage that breaks and becomes separated or detached from the chest wall. This fractured segment of the rib sinks […]

You might have had this experience while gardening your plants, the water keeps on flowing and suddenly it gets stopped and when you take a look at the course of the tube you would notice that it has got twisted at some point and this is what happens in case of torsion, of testis the […]

“Changes are inevitable” right and you know what these changes start since we just formed as a baby. At about 4th week of gestation 6 pairs of branchial arches are formed. These arches are covered by the cleft on the external surface and pouches on the internal surface. These outside cleft have to disappear at […]

A Choledochal cyst has both a positive and a negative side. The positive side is that it is a rare anomaly and the negative side is a premalignant condition meaning if you develop a choledochal cyst you have increased chances of developing a malignancy. With regards to here, it’s a cholangiocarcinoma(carcinoma of the bile duct). […]

Adeno means gland and carcinoma meaning uncontrolled growth of cells. If you are a female then you are lucky because you don’t have a prostate gland so you won’t develop this carcinoma. This is the most common malignant tumor in men greater than 65 yrs of age. The incidence of prostate cancer in men over […]

Mesenteric cysts are simply cysts found in the mesentery. The mesentery is a supporting organ that attaches the intestines to the posterior abdominal wall. Mesenteric cysts can occur anywhere along the mesentery. It is a rare benign abdominal tumor with an incidence of  1 per 100,000 to 250,000 admissions. They are classified into the following […]

The period of time that begins with the contraction of atria and ends with ventricular relaxation is known as the cardiac cycle. So what is systole and diastole? The period of contraction that the heart undergoes while it pumps blood into circulation is Systole. The period of relaxation that occurs as chambers fill with blood […]

If anyone of your kin is involved in a job which involved long hours of standing, might be a bus conductor or a teacher and you are likely to look at their legs in most cases you would visualize some enlarged vein, some complaining of pain and some may not, and that is what a […]

Imagine yourself sitting in an OPD and a patient arrives with a swelling in the neck and within seconds you could get a suspicion of goiter and with a simple clinical test you can confirm that it is goiter, but where the problem lies is to find the cause of the goiter which is what […]

Pseudo means false, not real, etc. So what does pseudocyst mean, there is no actual cyst? Definitely, there is a cyst, but it is pseudo because it deviates from the criteria of a true cyst. A true cyst is a fluid collection in a capsule lined by epithelium. A pseudocyst is surrounded by a nonepithelized […]

When we hear the term Plummer Vinson syndrome, we will be thinking. Is it the disease of the plumber? But, it is not the case. Plummer Vinson syndrome is one of the rare diseases. Even Though it is rare, it can change into human killing carcinoma which is nothing but squamous cell carcinoma. Let us […]

Many of us must have heard the term hernia before, but what is a hernia? To understand better, think about your mattress. It is foam and steel coils inside a covering which keeps them in place. What if the outer covering of your mattress is not strong enough to hold the foam inside? The foam […]

We know the meaning of growth. Have you ever wondered what is responsible for growth in the human body? And why does a normal person doesn’t show any increase in height after attaining a certain age?  There is a hormone called growth hormone (GH), secreted from anterior pituitary cells that are responsible for growth.The production […]

Cryptorchidism – undescended testis. Everyone knows the testis is the main organ of masculinity. What happens if the testis is not in its pouch??? Undescended testis This is due to the arrest of the descent of the one or two testis in its pathway. Concern to the testis pathway, in the intrauterine life testis, has […]

Oxygen is carried to various parts of the body by red blood cells (RBC) in the bloodstream.  When there is a decrease in the number of healthy RBCs – the patient is said to be anemic. But the definition doesn’t stop here. There are two criteria to consider a differential diagnosis of anemia. They are […]

Bladder exstrophy or ectopia vesicae is a congenital abnormality that results in protrusion of the urinary bladder out of the abdomen.The incomplete development of the anterior wall of the bladder, leaves the inside of the bladder exposed to the outside environment.Also, most cases of bladder exstrophy involve epispadias, a condition where the urethra opens at […]

Yes, it is a blood cancer. The body fluid that keeps our cells alive is blood.The worst thing hitting our blood is cancer.Usually, blood contains red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets.White blood cells are affected by chronic myeloid leukemia.Let dissect this chronic myeloid leukemia. Leukemia means malignancy arising from bone marrow.Crazy monoclonal stem […]

ting ranula: Complications Help the patient by, Ranulas if small can resolve on their own but if persistent and symptomatic then treatment becomes necessary. References Authors footnote Feel free to click on the references for a more in-depth reading if you so desire. If you feel any information can be added or that there are […]

Hepatitis B is an infectious state of the liver caused by the hepatitis B virus (HBV). This viral hepatitis is a systemic infection affecting the liver with primary inflammation of the same. It is an ancient disease, first described in 5th cent BC. It is the most common cause of chronic liver disease and hepatocellular […]

Sarcoma is a term used for connective tissue carcinoma. It is known as sarcoma, even though it is not considered a true carcinoma. It’s a cosmetic problem. Kaposi sarcoma (KS) originates from the endothelial cells which line the lumen of blood vessels and lymphatic vessels. Like all other carcinoma cells, it also shows fast growth […]

It is basically adrenal insufficiency or decrease in function of the adrenal gland  It’s something like the adrenal gland does not perform its function properly and you develop Addison’s disease. It was named after Thomas Addison who first described it as an infection of the adrenal gland A little to the anatomy and physiology, the […]

“What killed people during the outbreak in 1918 was not a weak immune system, an over-response from their own immune system, known as ARDS, killed them. They drowned in their own fluid” – Laurie Garret The topic ARDS is now the talk of the town due to the corona pandemic. The majority of the population, […]

Sickle cell anemia is a type of anemia in which the RBC assumes a sickle shape, so what makes the RBC assume the sickle shape? ,it is because of the replacement of glutamic acid by valine in the 6th position of the beta chain of hemoglobin. And the replaced hemoglobin is termed HBS So when […]

It is an illness associated with cardiac structure abnormality which may spread extracardiac, hematogenously, and progress to death within a week if left untreated.It is associated with 4-7 cases per 100000 population in developed countries. Who develops it?  Someone with a congenital heart disease, IV drug abuser,with intracardiac devices, and degenerative disease. Etiology Etiology varies […]

    “Disease caused due to a war within the body.” In this article, we are going to see about a disease which is caused due to its own immune cells.Lichen planus is a common dermatological condition seen. It is a chronic autoimmune disease that involves not only the skin but also scalp, genital mucosa.  Layers […]

One condition that makes our kidneys enlarge from fist size to football size is Polycystic kidney disease. As it is the 4th most kidney failure, PKD foundation declared 4th September as the PKD awareness day. It is an inherited disease-producing cystic dilatation of tubules in the kidneys leading to progressive renal failure. Types There are […]

Cleft lip and cleft palate are the most common congenital abnormalities occurring in the face.It can affect the lips, alveolus, hard palate, and soft palate in combinations or exclusively.These defects can be associated with any underlying syndromes, so a thorough assessment of all patients is mandatory to exclude any serious congenital abnormality.  Development of face […]

Skin – the largest organ of the body, is very important as a biological layer for homeostasis.Skin grafting can be defined as the transfer of skin from one area to another area.The region from where healthy skin is taken is called the donor area.The defective region from where the skin is being transferred is known as […]

As the name suggests the condition in most cases is congenital so the patient with the disease would always be a neonate particularly presenting at the 3rd to 6th weeks of age(the time is taken for complete obstruction) The stomach consists of three muscle layers: outer longitudinal, middle circular, and inner oblique layer. The condition […]

Peritoneum – the guard of the abdomen. Yes, it protects the abdominal organs with its two layers. Parietal and visceral peritoneum are the two. Between these two is the peritoneal cavity which has some fluid named peritoneal fluid with lubricating function.  By splitting the word peritonitis – “itis” which means inflammation. Right, it is the inflammation […]

The word gout comes from the Latin word ‘gutta’ meaning drop as this inflammatory condition of joints was previously believed to be caused by the dropping of diseased matter from the blood into the joint. Gouty arthritis is due to the deposition of monosodium urate crystals in the joints. It is an ancient disease first […]

We are familiar with the term peptic ulcer, a condition where mucosal erosion occurs due to excess acid in the stomach. The presence of any tumor can induce the excess production of gastric acid. Zollinger-Ellison Syndrome (ZES) is a rare condition where we can see all these factors together, that is And these three factors […]

Every human lives with the energy provided by food. Does anyone wonder how these foods are converted to energy banks? Yes, here comes the king of enzymes producing structure. THE Pancreas – it is playing a major role in the digestion of foods which we take. The only organ which has both exocrine (producing enzymes […]

Eyes are a beautiful part of our body that helps us visualize the world. Everyone knows eyes speak a lot more than words. Same works here. Any defects in the liver and biliary system will be reflecting in our eyes by changing its white color to yellow color. Yes, it is jaundice. Jaundice – the […]

Diabetes insipidus was first coined by Johann Peter Frank in the year 1794 when he described patients having polyuria excreting Nonsaccharine urine (no sugar). The word diabetes is from the Greek meaning ‘a siphon’ and the word insipidus comes from Latin which means ‘tasteless’.  As these patients passed water like a siphon and their urine […]

Is it possible for someone to have one limb longer than others? Yes, it can occur in the case of arteriovenous fistula present on that side of the limb. An artery has a separate pathway and so the vein. If due to any cause there occurs a communication between these two it’s called an arteriovenous […]

We all are aware of the term immunity and immune system. When an antigen (foreign body) enters the human body, our immune system produces antibodies to eliminate the antigen. But in some conditions, the immune system got confused with the self-cells and antigenic cells. In those conditions, it produces an antibody against self-cells and destroys […]

Parkinsonism is an umbrella term covering the symptoms of tremors, muscle rigidity and slowness of movements.  Parkinson’s disease being the cause for 80% of cases. Other causes include cerebrovascular diseases, drug or toxin induced , degenerative conditions of the cerebral system and injury to the brain. Parkinson’s disease was named after British apothecary James Parkinson […]

This is a disease most common in Countries like America, China, and states of India like  Kerala and Tamil Nadu. It comes under neglected tropical diseases. It usually affects places where unhealthy eating habits and unhygienic practices like habits of inadequate hand-washing and habit of eating with their hands are practiced. Agent  In neurocysticercosis, man […]

A condition that makes our largest gland (liver) cry is hepatocellular carcinoma. Our giant liver performs many functions in our body. But, this cancer will stop the liver from doing its function and makes us suffer a lot of problems. Let us look something about this curseful thing here Hepatocellular carcinoma is the primary malignant […]

Rheumatoid Arthritis is a common joint disorder prevailing most commonly among women. It affects mostly the age of 55+. February 2 has been established as the Rheumatoid Arthritis awareness day. Rheumatoid Arthritis is defined as chronic inflammation of the synovium of joints usually involving the peripheral joints symmetrically. Why RA?   Rheumatoid Arthritis is influenced by […]

This is an interesting topic associated with platelets, which plays an important role in hemostasis. As we all know Thrombocytopenia refers to platelet count less than 100*109/L.Idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura we are going to know about Idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura.  Thrombocytopenia is caused due to various primary factors such as increased platelet destruction, abnormal; pooling of platelet […]

Varicocele means the abnormal dilatation, elongation, and tortuosity of the veins of the spermatic cord. This occurs as the veins are blocked due to some reason but blood keeps on accumulating in them resulting in their dilatation. So basically, a tangle of veins in the scrotum with incompetent valves doesn’t function normally and the blood […]

Strong layers of the abdomen hold all the contents inside. When we put an incision due to some surgical issues, we are cutting all the strong layers. So the abdominal contents will protrude through an incision scar which is called an incisional hernia. First, we will have a quick review of strong layers of the […]

What is this Warthin tumor? Yes, it is the tumor of the main salivary gland (parotid gland). Everyone will have some nicknames called by different people right!!! This tumor has also different names which itself tells what the tumor is.  Other names Warthin tumor is also known as adenolymphoma or papillary cystadenoma lymphomatosum. When we hear the name […]

Hirschsprung’s disease is a condition of the ano-rectum and intestine present since birth. The individuals with this condition are born with an intestine that cannot move stools out of their bodies. This is because a part of the patient’s ano rectum and intestine is lacking its nerve cells called ganglion cells. These ganglion cells keep […]

Itching is a very common symptom that we see on a day to day basis. While most of the time it is just a symptom of a mild allergic response, sometimes it could turn out to be a much more severe disease like psoriasis! Interestingly, “psora” in Greek literally translates to “itch”.  This disease which produces […]

Many times we will be surprised at the lean people with swollen legs which look like the legs of elephants. We will be thinking about the cause of that. Yes, it is due to lymphedema resulting from this cruel disease. How horrible things happen at night, the same here. Night biting mosquitoes play a major […]

Don’t let osteoporosis break you….. The term “osteo” means bone and “porosis” means there is the formation of pores in the bone lamellae. It is the most common bone disorder and is characterized by low bone mass and micro-architectural disruption of-bone tissue that leads to increased bone fragility and this increases the risk of fracture. […]

This is a disease you can easily avoid getting by maintaining good personal hygiene and by drinking boiled water. The name of the disease it-self tells the causative organism, affected part, and the pathology. Amoeba, a unicellular organism is behind this disease, more specifically by entamoeba histolytica. It affects the liver and causes Pus formation […]

Pelvis gives support to  the most important organs of our body, part of the intestine, urinary bladder, reproductive organs, etc. infections of all these organs are common. This is the reason why intraperitoneal abscess are common in the pelvis. If you consider it as a small puss collection, it’s wrong. It’s a dangerous life-threatening collection […]

Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is the most common urological problem in men. This age-related problem is mainly accompanied by symptoms of bladder obstruction. But it’s not a confirmatory symptom of BPH. In some people, BPH can be asymptomatic. As 50% of all men in their lifetime develop BPH, and the symptoms should be treated as […]

An emergency condition killing many people in the postoperative period is this pulmonary embolism. First, we want to know the relation of the lung to the heart. Venous blood all over the body will make its end in the right atrium. Then, the blood is carried to the right ventricle as the tricuspid valve opens. […]

To control the growth and activities of our body we used to say the brain contributes a major role. What about the activities of our internal organs? We have hormones for it. Likewise, we know our GIT is lined by mucosa, for enhancing its growth, gastric motility, and for the secretion of HCL into the […]

Also known as “auriculotemporal syndrome or gustatory sweating”. Sweating we say it cools down the body temperature, essential for maintaining homeostasis of our body. Still we get annoyed by it. By seeing tasty delicious food our salivation increases. Can you imagine a condition where we get sweating also whenever we enjoy our delicious food items?  […]

We often think that it’s silly for a person to develop obsessions with something, who cannot seem to get enough out of doing certain activities, or habits over and over again. We may also find these kinds of activities as funny or foolish; and laugh at people.These people are known to have OCD.The people who […]

Look at 10 people around you and at least 5 of them will have hypertension, see how common it is .hypertension can be caused by a variety of causes, one such cause is pheochromocytoma, but there is something good about this and what’s that? It’s a potentially curable form of hypertension.  Pheochromocytoma is a tumor […]

Many would think IBD is like managing diarrhea or flatulence, in most cases, it is not taken seriously and there is a poor understanding of the effects it has on people’s everyday life. IBD is something that affects the patients personally. Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is an immune-mediated chronic intestinal condition. It results from inappropriate […]

Irritable bowel syndrome irritates not only the bowel but also the patient suffering from it. Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a functional bowel disorder characterized by recurrent abdominal pain with changes in bowel habits. By functional we mean that there is no structural abnormality of the gut in this condition. Conditions that make your intestine […]

About 10% of the world population is affected by chronic kidney disease (CKD) many of which progress to end-stage renal disease (ESRD). These patients are kept alive with renal replacement therapy. Renal replacement therapy does the normal kidney function that is the filtration of blood. Renal replacement therapy (RFT) is also the mainstay treatment for […]

Kidneys are one of the important vital organs in the body. As the heart pumps blood, lungs purify the air, the brain controls all systems, our kidneys help to eliminate toxins, and other metabolic waste products in the body.  When the kidneys can’t do what their actual purpose is, we will call that condition, renal […]

It is per se, not a disease but a condition occurring in most kidney diseases.  The nephron is the functional unit of the kidney consisting of Bowman’s capsule (cup-like structure), glomerulus with an afferent and efferent arteriole, tubules, and collecting duct. Normally, the glomerular capillary wall acts as a size- and charge-dependent barrier for plasma […]

Shock is a systemic state of cellular hypoxia and inadequate tissue perfusion. Inadequate oxygen for normal cellular respiration and insufficient glucose to cells. There is a switch from normal aerobic metabolism to anaerobic metabolism leading to lactic acidosis. Shock can rapidly progress and cause the death of the patient, hence early intervention is mandatory. Stages […]

The term rheumatic fever is a post-streptococcal,immune-mediated, multisystem inflammatory disease It is a major health problem among children and young adults in developing countries and is the most common cause of acquired heart disease in children. The most common age group being affected are the children between 5-15 yrs of age commonly the school-going children. […]

A mimic is someone who imitates some specific feature of some other person or thing. As far as a disease is concerned if it shows some similarities with the other disease, we can say it mimics the other disease.  Here Guillain Barre Syndrome (GBS) is often misdiagnosed as brain stem ischemia due to similarities between […]

Antony Bayes de Luna, president of World Heart Foundation (1997 – 99) made 29th September “World Heart Day”. On this day, awareness is created about coronary heart disease which is one of the leading causes of heart failure all over the world. The pumping organ of the body is our heart. If the pumping system does […]

“If there is magic on this planet, it is contained in water.” – Loren Elsiley The magical element in our body fluid is sodium. As sodium is the vital constituent of the body fluid, our tissues swim in the salty sea as fish do. Any imbalance between the sodium and water leads to contrasting conditions […]

Potassium is present in cationic form predominantly inside the cell. Normal plasma potassium concentration is 3.5 to 5.0 mmol per liter and inside the cell is about 150 mmol per liter. Functions of potassium: K+ maintains the resting membrane potential of the cellular membranes. It also propagates the action potential and thereby maintains the normal […]

Let us take a red color balloon and fill it with running tap water. As the water keeps on filling, the pressure inside the balloon increases, and it bursts. Yes, the same concept here. As the blood volume in the small blood vessel increases it reshapes themselves into tortuous vessels called varices. If the same […]

Myasthenia gravis is a self-destructive disease that produces skeletal muscle weakness. An English physician Thomas Willis first recognized and described this disease in the 17th century. It generally presents as weakness and fatigue. It is due to a decreased number of available acetylcholine receptors at the neuromuscular junction. About 1-7 in 10,000 population are affected […]

MEN syndrome stands for Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia syndrome. They are characterized by overactivity (tumor) of endocrine glands which is mostly due to genetic etiology. In simple words, it is a group of cancers in a single person. Based on genetics, MEN syndrome is of two types. They are, Genetic Basis for MEN Syndrome Both these […]

Cholecystitis is a disease that commonly occurs as a complication of cholelithiasis (stones in the gallbladder). Cholecystitis originated from the Greek word cholecyst, which means gallbladder, and the suffix “itis” denotes inflammation. In short, we can tell Cholecystitis is inflammation of the gallbladder. Cholecystitis is mainly of two types, acute and chronic. Considering the severity […]

“Know it, Cure It.” This disease is rough in the way that it doesn’t target a single organ or site. But can affect any system of the body leading to dreadful complications. But how many of us are aware of the disease sarcoidosis? Why is it known as a disease with a diagnosis of exclusion? […]

Helicobacter pylori are gram-negative bacteria. You can find them in the body of almost 50% of the population, but it doesn’t produce symptoms in all humans who inhabit it. Learning the fact that it is present in the majority of the population, you cannot take it easy because these bacteria can even lead you to […]

Anemia developed due to diminished platelets or hemoglobin content in the blood.Iron is a significant micronutrient essential for cell function and development.How a micronutrient causes anemia?what’s more, have you ever asked why it is significant for a pregnant woman to take iron and folic acid. Let’s find more about iron deficiency anemia in this article. […]

Leprosy is a chronic granulomatous disease caused by acid-fast bacilli Mycobacterium leprae. It affects the patient’s skin and nerves. In ancient times, leprosy patients were thrown out of the community as they were considered sinners. It was in 1873 when Hansen found that the condition is not due to sin but is an infection by […]

Pneumoconiosis – Dusty Lung Views: 134 years ago Have you ever wondered why the doctors are asking about your occupation when you go for a consultation?  They ask it because some diseases can arise out of or in the course of employment due to the occupational environment. PNEUMOCONIOSIS is one of these occupational diseases which […]

Glycolysis, also known as the Embden-Meyerhof-Parnas pathway, is the process through which the composition of glucose is modified to extract enough energy to fuel the cells.  Glycolysis is a process that allows cellular respiration and metabolism through the breakdown of glucose.  In this article, we are going to find out more about this fascinating process. […]

Background  Looking back on our lessons in photosynthesis, we might remember that the products of photosynthesis – glucose, and oxygen will be used by organisms (like us) to gain energy and function well. The process by which we “consume” the products of photosynthesis is called Cellular Respiration.  Here is an ironic bit: before our cells can […]

The seven-year itch – it explains the irritating symptoms and contagious nature of the disease that lasts for a longer duration. Scabies is a contagious skin disease caused by a parasitic mite that makes people itchy, called Sarcoptes scabiei var hominis.  It is transmitted from person to person. Now, let us see how the mite makes […]